Waves We Measure: Electromagnetic or Mechanical? Overview: Light is an electromagnetic wave. In contrast, sound is a type of mechanical wave. Sounds can be produced at a range of frequencies, from the infrasonic (below the range of human hearing) to the ultrasonic (above the range of human hearing). Electromagnetic waves David Morin, [email protected] The waves we’ve dealt with so far in this book have been fairly easy to visualize. Waves involving springs/masses, strings, and air molecules are things we can apply our intuition to. But we’ll now switch gears and talk about electromagnetic waves. These are harder to get. Thinking. Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include electromagnetic waves and is limited to standard repeating waves. MS-PS4-2. Develop and use a model to describe that waves are reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through various materials. Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on both light and mechanical waves. Start studying 18.1 Electromagnetic Waves. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. (18) How are electromagnetic waves different from mechanical waves? Electromagnetic waves can travel through vacuum and mechanical waves cannot (they need matter to travel). And are made differently. Mechanical waves and Electromagnetic waves are the main 2 types of waves by media of propagation. Types of Electromagnetic waves include Visible Light, Microwaves etc. While Sound waves, Water waves are few types of mechanical waves. Learn facts, properties and examples of waves with flow diagram.
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Dealing with vibrations and waves, this text aims to provide understanding of the basic principles and methods of analysing various physical phenomena.
The content includes the general properties of propagation, a detailed study of mechanical (elastic and acoustic) and electromagnetic waves, propagation, attenuation, dispersion, reflection, interference and diffraction of waves.
It features chapters on the effect of motion of sources and observers (both classical and relativistic), emission of electromagnetic waves, standing and guided waves and a final chapter on de Broglie waves constitutes an introduction to quantum mechanics.
(Redirected from Mechanical waves)
Ripple in water is a surface wave.
A mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium.[1] While waves can move over long distances, the movement of the medium of transmission—the material—is limited. Therefore, the oscillating material does not move far from its initial equilibrium position. Mechanical waves transport energy. This energy propagates in the same direction as the wave. Any kind of wave (mechanical or electromagnetic) has a certain energy. Mechanical waves can be produced only in media which possess elasticity and inertia.
A mechanical wave requires an initial energy input. Once this initial energy is added, the wave travels through the medium until all its energy is transferred. In contrast, electromagnetic waves require no medium, but can still travel through one.
One important property of mechanical waves is that their amplitudes are measured in an unusual way, displacement divided by (reduced) wavelength. When this gets comparable to unity, significant nonlinear effects such as harmonic generation may occur, and, if large enough, may result in chaotic effects. For example, waves on the surface of a body of water break when this dimensionless amplitude exceeds 1, resulting in a foam on the surface and turbulent mixing. Some of the most common examples of mechanical waves are water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves.
There are three types of mechanical waves: transverse waves, longitudinal waves, and surface waves.
Transverse wave[edit]
It is the form of wave in which particles of medium vibrates about their mean position perpendicular to the direction of motion of wave.
To see an example, move an end of a Slinky (whose other end is fixed) to the left-and-right of the Slinky, as opposed to to-and-fro.[2]Light also has properties of a transverse wave, although it is an electromagnetic wave.[3]
Electromagnetic And Mechanical Waves Pdf Online
Longitudinal wave[edit]
Longitudinal waves cause the medium to vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave. It consists of multiple compressions and rarefactions. The rarefaction is the farthest distance apart in the longitudinal wave and the compression is the closest distance together. The speed of the longitudinal wave is increased in higher index of refraction, due to the closer proximity of the atoms in the medium that is being compressed. Karen marie moning series in order. Sound is a longitudinal wave.
Surface waves[edit]
This type of wave travels along the surface or interface between two media. An example of a surface wave would be waves in a pool, or in an ocean, lake, or any other type of water body. There are two types of surface waves, namely Rayleigh waves and Love waves.
Rayleigh waves, also known as ground roll, are waves that travel as ripples with motion similar to those of waves on the surface of water. Rayleigh waves are much slower than body waves, at roughly 90% of the velocity of bulk waves[clarify] for a typical homogeneous elastic medium. Rayleigh waves have energy losses only in two dimensions and are hence more destructive in earthquakes than conventional bulk waves, such as P-waves and S-waves, which lose energy in all three directions.
A Love wave is a surface wave having horizontal waves that are shear or transverse to the direction of propagation. They usually travel slightly faster than Rayleigh waves, at about 90% of the body wave velocity, and have the largest amplitude.
Examples[edit]
- Sound waves
- Wind waves on seas and lakes
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Giancoli, D. C. (2009) Physics for scientists & engineers with modern physics (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
- ^Giordano, Nicholas (2009). College Physics: Reasoning and Relationships (illustrated ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 387. ISBN978-0-534-42471-8.Extract of page 387
- ^Towne, Dudley H. (2014). Wave Phenomena (illustrated ed.). Courier Dover Publications. p. 139. ISBN978-0-486-14515-0.Extract of page 139
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